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Also, triatomines can survive for months in harvested crops; thus, multiple hygiene interventions are potentially necessary along the food production line (14 ).
All trials used multiple hygiene interventions, except Black 1977 USA, Bowen 2004 CHN, and Pickering 2013 KEN which used only a hand washing intervention.
Three other trials used multiple hygiene interventions that included hand washing with soap (the type of soap used is not described) (Stanton 1985 BGD; Haggerty 1988 COD; Hartinger 2010 PER).
Five trials (Han 1985 MMR; Luby 2003a PAK; Luby 2003b PAK; Langford 2007 NPL; Nicholson 2008 IND) promoted hand washing only while three trials promoted multiple hygiene interventions (Stanton 1985 BGD; Haggerty 1988 COD; Hartinger 2010 PER).
Nine trials (Bartlett 1984 USA; Kotch 1989 USA; Butz 1990 USA; Roberts 1996 AUS; Carabin 1997 CAN; Ladegaard 1999 DEN; Kotch 2003 USA; Talaat 2008 EGY; Zomer 2012 NED) involved multiple hygiene interventions (IRR 0.69; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.84; nine trials, 48,999 participants; Analysis 1.2).
The reduction in the risk of diarrhoea was greater in the trials that promoted hand washing only (IRR 0.63, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.78; 10,888 participants ) than in the trials that promoted multiple hygiene interventions (IRR 0.81, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.95; three trials, 3838 participants; Analysis 2.3).
Similar(54)
Insufficient use of behavioral theory to understand health care workers' (HCWs) hand hygiene compliance may result in suboptimal design of hand hygiene interventions and limit effectiveness.
Duflo et al. (2012) describe the barriers to adoption of water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions, especially in Africa and Asia.
They have also seen improvements with cognitive behavioral therapy and sleep hygiene interventions, like instituting regular sleep and wake times.
Three studies looked broadly at multiple hygiene factors.
Both reviews considered only hand hygiene interventions conducted in LMICs.
Related(10)
multiple healthcare interventions
multiple health interventions
multiple health care interventions
multiple sanitary interventions
multiple public health interventions
multiple medical interventions
multiple family interventions
multiple hygiene purposes
multiple component interventions
multiple hygiene factors
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