As pointed out by Park et al. (2007), a sister group relationship between Cestoda and Trematoda also suggests that the transition from direct life cycles on a single host (as in Monogenea) to complex life cycles with multiple hosts (as in Cestoda and Trematoda) was a single evolutionary event.
This paper presents a scaleable design for the automated synchronization of large collections of files replicated across multiple hosts, as in I2-DSI, and outlines of how the design has been realized using rsync+, a modification to the popular open-source mirroring tool, rsync.
Results suggest that the only wide distribution of H9N2 influenza viruses over multiple hosts occurred in China.
As in the AMOVA groups, some samples were excluded because multiple hosts were grown in the same compartment or greenhouse (see above).
We further report experiments examining the breadth of KerV as a conserved virulence factor, not only against multiple hosts but also in several pathogens.
In a recent study (Craig et al. 2010), clones were screened in high-throughput in multiple hosts based on the three phenotypic traits mentioned above.
Most species of Capillaria occur in multiple hosts, but A. forresteri has been found only in the marsh rice rat, even though several other small mammals (the round-tailed muskrat, Neofiber alleni; cotton mouse, Peromyscus gossypinus; hispid cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidus; and marsh rabbit, Sylvilagus palustris) occur in Paynes Prairie.
Loss of the third replicon, pC3 (a non-essential megaplasmid associated with several virulence determinants), results in highly attenuated infection in multiple hosts, including zebrafish embryos (Agnoli et al., 2012; Agnoli et al., 2014).
