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Adenovirus cell entry requires interactions of multiple host cell receptors with distinct virus capsid proteins.
The recent application of mass cytometry (CyTOF) to biology provides a 'systems' approach to monitor concurrent changes in multiple host cell factors at the single cell level.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) is a multifunctional protein playing a crucial role in diverse steps of the viral replication cycle and perturbing multiple host cell pathways.
Using gene-expression arrays we found that multiple host cell signal transduction pathways were activated by ATIII in HIV-1 infected cells but not in uninfected controls.
Therapeutic targeting of FAK kinase activity using small-molecule inhibitors will inhibit FAK signaling not only in tumor cells, but also potentially in multiple host cell types.
Many viruses initiate infection through a multistep process involving multiple host cell receptor proteins (for review, see Grove and Marsh, 2011).
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This phenotype might be due to the deletion of natural adhesins in the engineered strain (i.e., type 1 fimbriae, Antigen 43, and MAT fimbriae) that have the potential to bind receptors widely expressed in the surface of multiple host cells and tissues.
Moreover, IL-2 engineered cells lost their tumorigenicity into nu/nu mice and the mechanism of rejection appeared to involve multiple host effector cell populations, among which a prominent role was played by neutrophils and radiosensitive cells.
The present studies were undertaken to test the hypothesis that there are multiple human host cell genes that contribute to influenza-mediated cell death.
1 Synthetic immunostimulatory oligonucleotides such as double-stranded RNA or unmethylated cytosine guanosine motifs (CpG-ODNs) mimic molecular signatures of pathogens (viruses or bacteria, respectively) and trigger an immunostimulatory cascade including maturation, differentiation and proliferation of multiple host immune cells through pattern recognition receptors.
Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 is produced by cancer cells and multiple different host cells within the tumor microenvironment and serves as one of the key mediators of interactions between tumor and host cells [ 55].
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