Based on a French study he proposed bronchiectasis to be a multiple hits process or a continuum of ion transport dysfunction measured by NPD according to presence of zero, one or two mutations or genetic variants.
The pathogenesis of NAFLD is thought to be a multiple-hit process involving insulin resistance, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and adipokines.
The current concept of NAFLD and NASH is of a clinical spectrum of disease, resulting from a "multiple-hit" process [ 54, 55].
Other metabolic risk factors may play an important role in the development of steatosis or steatohepatitis in these patients, both as an underling condition or as part of the "multiple-hit" process.
And finally, the occurrence of somatic mutations, mechanical fatigue (blood vessels, joints, bones), multiple-hit processes, etc., which are part of aging and chronic diseases, evolve over an even longer time scale.
Host predisposing conditions act as a first hit in healthy lungs, where multiple hit can induce ARDS.
And an involvement in multiple hit productions?
These ESTs represented 3,090 single hit and 1,240 multiple hit sequences.
This probabilistic model does not assume stationarity of the nucleotide substitution process, accounts for multiple hits, distinguishes six reverse complement symmetric nucleotide exchanges, incorporates neighbor dependency due to the prevalent methyl-cytosine deamination process at CpG dinucleotides (CpG → CpA/TpG), and is lineage-specific.
Following classification, we further process results to eliminate "multiple hits" (Step 6).
