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More than likely, locus-specific mutagenesis in B cells depends upon the combinatorial signal generated through multiple histone tail modifications, and further studies are required to decipher the specific histone code assigned to somatic hypermutation.
Profiling of multiple histone tail modifications in germlines should allow us to investigate the distinctive chromatin states of recombination hotspots more deeply.
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The frequent occurrence of multiple acetyl marks on a single histone tail raises the question as to how two or more acetyllysine residues are recognized.
This domain is also found in a number of other chromatin remodeling proteins with multiple activities such as DNA-binding, histone tail binding, and protein-protein interactions [ 58].
Moreover, there is no biophysical evidence for simultaneous interaction with multiple methylated histone-tail peptides.
The presence of multiple histone binding proteins in the NURD complex may account for high affinity interaction between NURD and H3 tail and broad function of NURD in chromatin remodeling, transcription, DNA damage repair and cell cycle.
However, the precise contributions of each histone tail are unclear.
Histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 are composed of two common regions, the "histone fold" and the "histone tail".
Morinière, J. et al. Cooperative binding of two acetylation marks on a histone tail by a single bromodomain.
Cells regulate transcription by coordinating the activities of multiple histone modifying complexes.
The role of each histone tail in regulating chromatin structure is elucidated by using a coarse-grained model of an oligonucleosome incorporating flexible histone tails that reproduces the conformational and dynamical properties of chromatin.
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