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For these analyses, we excluded all live births and stillbirths with a birth weight <500 g or a gestational age <22 weeks and all multiple gestation births.
Besides prenatal complications, our data indicate a high frequency of multiple gestation births.
Further, 123 multiple gestation births were excluded to avoid duplication of maternal characteristics.
Congenital anomalies and multiple gestation births were also excluded due to their known association with birth complications.
The dramatic increase in multiple gestation births (i.e., twin, triplet, quadruplet and higher) over the past several decades [ 1- 4] has been of great concern to health care providers, policy makers and researchers.
The increased incidence of multiple gestation births and admission of these fragile babies to neonatal units also raises questions regarding the differences in care of twins and higher order multiples versus singletons.
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Race, smoking status, birth weight, prematurity, multiple gestation birth, age of menarche, being breast-fed, alcohol consumption, and family history of diabetes were self-reported at baseline or in 1991.
The cost associated with complications, such as multiple gestation and birth, were also not included in calculations.
Data elements from the AOB questionnaires and the EHR were reviewed, and eight common variables (caesarean delivery, epidural usage, gestational age, infant birth weight, infant gender, labour induction, multiple gestation pregnancy, preterm birth) were identified.
To assess frequency of very low birth weight (VLBW) births at non-level III hospitals.Retrospective cohort study using linked California birth certificate and discharge data of 2008 to 2010 for deliveries of singleton or first-born infant of multiple gestations with birth weight 400 to 1500 g.
Obstetric risk factors associated with PTB include: cervical incompetence, multiple gestations, short birth intervals, abortion, pre-labor premature rupture of membrane (PPROM) and previous PTB [ 9, 12, 13, 15, 17- 19].
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