This synergizes with ongoing research on many complex diseases, in which multiple gene variations, rather than single dysfunctional genes, are believed to underlie the disease phenotype [ 10].
Moreover, in light of this overlap, recent studies have shown that multiple gene variations are shared by patients with SLE and patients with DLE [ 10, 11].
When multiple antioxidant gene variations were analyzed, the PON1 and192Glu (rSOD2) and SOD2 Val16Ala (rs4880) variants were associated with a significantly higher risk of male infertility and levels of sperm DNA fragmentation and 8-OHdG [ 41].
Analysis under the most general constrained UPM model requires disentangling the contributions from lineage-specific rate variations among multiple genes and rate variations in individual genes to the deviation of the observed GT edge lengths from the TT edge lengths.
Based on a non-culture strategy (i.e. PCR amplification directly from salivary DNA-extracts followed by cloning and sequencing) our aim was to analyze and compare gene variation of multiple clones per individual.
Microarray analysis identified multiple genes showing natural variation in embryonic gene expression at the torpedo-stage.
This limitation may be addressed through the use of multiple gene sequences, as a proxy for variation across the entirety of the endophyte genome.
Previous efforts to compare the transcript and protein abundance, at single or multiple gene levels, have demonstrated a great variation in outcome, attributed to both biological and technical issues [ 1- 8].
Multifactorial or polygenic disorders, such as endometriosis, are determined by multiple genes with allelic variations.
CNV can affect gene expression levels, since it contains or disrupts multiple gene coding regions or regulatory elements, which could then lead to phenotypic variation [ 19].
