Sentence examples for multiple gene trees from inspiring English sources

For phylogenetic purposes, it would be desirable to consider multiple gene trees based on chloroplast and nuclear genomes, because independently derived gene trees may not be congruent (Schaal et al. 1998).

There are several methods for inferring a species tree from multiple gene trees.

This scenario, whereby multiple gene trees consistently resolve the phylogeny between but not within species, is the basis for the Phylogenetic Concordance Species Concept advocated by Taylor et al. [34].

The primary empirical and simulation support for this statistical test comes from Galtier and Daubin [63], who showed that a maximum likelihood (ML) difference metric that is similar to the Bayes factor exhibited more evidence for multiple gene trees in bacteria than in metazoa.

Although it has been shown that phylogenetic reconstruction based upon concatenation of multiple orthologous genes can generate a more accurate tree than a consensus of multiple gene trees, concatenated alignments may severely reinforce the systematic errors accompanied with some individual genes, which can be erroneously represented by high bootstrap values [26].

The absence of monophyly and conflict among the multiple gene trees identifies species limits for taxa [ 5].

Here, we employ an array of phylogenetic analyses using a multiple gene tree approach to address several questions regarding the phylogenetic relationships of the North American cyprinid genus Richardsonius and two other closely related genera, Clinostomus and Iotichthys.

A worse problem with multiple-gene trees is genome-wide systematic biases that can give the wrong topology with increasing confidence as data are added [ 2].

Much recent research has been devoted to address the first issue of species tree reconstruction from multiple conflicting gene trees [ 63].

Although these approaches are theoretically interesting and have been shown to work for some biological data, it is still very desirable to explore the reconstruction of reticulated networks displaying multiple complete gene trees without additional structural constraints.

However, species in which well differentiated reciprocally monophyletic clades of COI haplotypes were detected would seem to be fertile ground for further investigation with independent multiple nuclear gene trees in a coalescent framework.