The β and γ crystallins are each also represented by multiple gene copies, only some of which are expressed exclusively in the lens.
Here, an efficient biosynthetic pathway capable of producing 100-fold more β-carotene than the baseline construct was generated using strong promoters and multiple gene copies for each of the 12 steps.
This review deals with both the particular aspects relevant to T. cruzi trans-sialidase as a target and generalises the situation for drug design in its broader aspects on the basis of some special problems in terms of rational drug design that T. cruzi trans-sialidase raises, particularly those of multiple gene copies and active site plasticity.
However, in some cases, the maintenance of multiple gene copies can be evolutionarily favorable [25].
Several lipoprotein genes are in a state of flux whereby plasmids encode multiple gene copies that vary in sequence and encode fragments of these genes as well [2].
The mosaic pericarp pigmentation in P1-mm may reflect variable activity of a suppression mechanism associated with the presence of multiple gene copies.
Although each enzyme produced a single band indicating that the C. felis 18S rDNA gene may be single-copy, a tandem arrangement of multiple gene copies may not be discernable using Southern blot analysis alone.
By comparing ESTs we detected multiple copies of different genes with substantial variation in synonomous and, in certain cases, non-synonomous sites as well, while confirming that multiple gene copies were expressed [10], [17].
Positioning in heterochromatin is enhanced by the presence of multiple gene copies, and an increased level of variegated silencing is thought to involve pairing interactions between copies [41], [42], [43], [44].
Because a genome-wide analysis produces a significant number (i.e., 1000s) of trees that share multiple genes due to multiple gene copies and gene families, PhyloSort provides an estimate of the number of unique gene families by clustering the trees that contain overlapping genes to summarize these families.
Individuals could acquire multiple gene copies only through duplication.
