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Interestingly, the multiple gene alignment clearly showed that the 3' sections of the PPR-1 and PPR-B genes, including the introns, are shared.
In the supermatrix approach, single-gene alignments are merged into a multiple gene alignment, which is then analyzed using the most appropriate phylogenetic method.
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Within the cluster Orthopoxviruses in ChPV, ECTV and CPXV are the most divergent, which is similar to McLysaght's study [ 34] and is also supported by another analysis based on multiple genes alignment [ 3].
It is worth noting that the most basal species, in which β2-m is present, belong to cartilaginous fishes; therefore, we can approximately date the appearance of the protein at about 500 Ma (455 Ma for the fossil record and 528 for molecular time, estimation based on a large scale multiple genes alignment) [ 8].
It is apparent that the final multiple gene order alignment is sensitive to the order of alignment steps.
We have used the 17-way multiple gene order alignment to define conserved syntenic regions over multiple species (CSMs) and complementary evolutionary breakpoint regions (EBRs).
We propose a method, called CYNTENATOR, to discover conserved syntenic regions over large evolutionary distances by progressive multiple gene order alignment.
In a multiple gene order alignment of 9 mammalian species and the platypus genome, 480 (56%) of the 859 RSBs are confined by a gene which is located at one end of a contig.
Two alternative Syntenator multiple gene order alignments of mouse (M), rat (R), human (H) and dog (D) are shown to demonstrate the dependence of the alignment outcome on the alignment order of species.
In short, RSBs are non-redundant, maximal representatives for a set of multiple gene order alignments.
We used EnsEMBL database annotations (release 50) for 17 high-coverage genomes to construct multiple gene order alignments.
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