In the real world, multiple functional units are involved in a single transaction.
Polygyne colonies, on the other hand, have at least two functional queens and sometimes as many as twenty thousand.
Nodes with multiple functional links represent "functional hubs".
Anarchistic workers express a rare behavioral phenotype that can lay eggs in the presence of a functional queen [35], [36].
Monogyne colonies are those with a single functional queen, which may start by a single or few queens but only one survives the battle after the first workers appear.
The presence of several queenright chambers in one fungus chamber cluster below a single entrance suggests that one polydomous colony can contain multiple reproductively active queens, supporting functional polygyny.
First, the mating status and reproductive development of up to four dealate queens per colony were determined; multiple mated queens with developed ovaries were found in 79 of the colonies.
This same equilibrium of 3 applies for multiple unrelated queens.
Another difference from traditional animal breeding is that the "father" of a queen is usually unknown because the drones that mate with the queen come from multiple drone-producing queens.
Increased within-colony genetic diversity of a host species arising as a result of multiple queens within colonies or multiple mating by queens may lead to a superior defense against pathogens or enhanced division-of-labor (e.g., [ 24- 27]).
