We found that Obp genes clustered on the X chromosome evolved rapidly, while maintaining multiple functional duplicate copies in the mouse genome.
The existence of multiple copies could reflect heteroplasmy resulting from paternal leakage [ 25], non-functional paralogs in the mitochondria or other genomes [ 50], or the existence of multiple functional mitochondrial copies [ 51].
The HLA-DRB1 locus, on the other hand, did not present REF allele frequency overestimation, a finding that can be explained by the existence of multiple copies of this gene (both pseudogenes and functional copies), which may result in biases/errors that make REF allele bias comparatively less visible (Degner et al. 2009).
As Che proteins may take on multiple functional roles, it is to be noted that ignoring multiplicity of copies may have resulted in neglecting some interesting phenomena.
All the elements identified to date contain multiple stop codons interrupting at least one of the two ORFs suggesting there are no functional copies of Ed_LINE2 in E. dispar.
Inducer strains contain 10 15 euchromatic dispersed functional copies of the I factor, a 5.4 kb DNA sequence; in addition they carry multiple copies of defective I elements embedded in heterochromatin.
The roles of multiple functional RP isoforms in plants remain unclear although it has been proposed that expression of multiple RP genes from a single family may be necessary to accommodate high – or specific – translational needs in growing plant tissue; thus, RP genes copies under development regulation may be required in addition to those gene copies that are constitutively expressed [ 29, 49].
Nodes with multiple functional links represent "functional hubs".
Presence in multiple copies, functional crosstalk, differential binding affinity, and posttranslational modifications are some of the key factors that might regulate the biological functions of Alba family proteins.
