Future studies evaluating these exposures in relation to mammographic breast density or breast cancer risk should seek to use longitudinal study designs, multiple exposure assessments, and diverse study populations.
This implies that multiple combined exposure assessments will be required for human health and ecological receptors and multiple assessments maybe required for both human health and ecological effects.
For the latter, our findings might serve as a basis for setting such fixed upper and lower CIs of exposure, in particular, for epidemiologic studies where recruitment of participants has been completed and multiple sampling for exposure assessment is no longer possible.
The role of exposure to the landfill in explaining these excess risks is not clear given limitations such as multiple comparisons, a qualitative exposure assessment, an incomplete cohort, and no data on deaths prior to 1978.
The role of exposure to the LC landfill in explaining these excess risks is not clear given limitations such as multiple comparisons, a qualitative exposure assessment, an incomplete cohort, and no death data prior to 1978.
Because of the complexity of exposure to hundreds of different chemicals and the multiple routes contributing to exposure, exposure assessment is one of the main limitations in epidemiological studies of drinking-water DBPs and reproductive health (Savitz 2012).
Whether multiple sampling is needed for exposure assessment in specific situations (e.g., during pregnancy) will depend mainly on the intraperson variability at the sampling time (e.g., noon) and throughout the study period (e.g., 1 week).
The extension of a large cohort study of sawmill workers, with follow-up to 1995, provided information about risks of relatively rare cancers (e.g., non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma), using a validated exposure assessment procedure that distinguishes between exposures to pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenol.
From these multiple exposure studies, four studies included neurological assessment (with or without auditory assessment) in children under 5 years old, and two studies were RCTs.
When multiple publications with similar quality of exposure assessment were published on the same cohort, we chose the most recent update (with the longest follow-up time).
