To demonstrate whether the coexistence of multiple evolutionary lines carrying different mutations with selective advantages in the presence of AZC interferes with their fixation, we compared the results of competition experiments carried out between different site-directed mutants (QβA1746U, QβA2982G, and QβU3582C) and between each one of the mutants and the virus Qβwt (Table 5).
Randomly generated initial solution executes multiple evolutionary using the reproduction-crossover-mutation operators of genetic algorithm and, at the same time, using the solution obtained by genetic algorithm to initialize the information pheromones of a network.
Polymorphic mutations distribute into multiple evolutionary lines that compete among them making it difficult the emergence of a defined consensus sequence.
Indeed, genome size results from a tension between multiple evolutionary pressures, some acting at the mutation level, other at the selection level, some tending to make the genome grow, other tending to make it shrink.
In MOQPSO, the elite archive set is adopted to conserve Pareto optimal solutions and provide multiple evolutionary directions for individuals, while the neighborhood searching and chaotic mutation strategies are used to enhance the search capability and diversity of population.
Finally, miRNAs are considered one of the largest gene families [2], [32], [33] and are dictated by individual as well as interactive effects of multiple evolutionary forces from genes and environments during evolutionary fluctuation history, such as mutation, recombination, duplication, and random genetic drift.
This novel algorithm is named Multiple Evolutionary Algorithm (MultiEA).
Faircloth, B. C. et al. Ultraconserved elements anchor thousands of genetic markers spanning multiple evolutionary timescales.
Similar morphological or physiological changes occurring in multiple evolutionary lineages are not uncommon.
Multiple evolutionary paths could be possible through small chance events.
