To investigate how often systematic reviewers encounter multiple trial effect estimates that are available for inclusion in a particular meta-analysis (multiplicity of results) and the methods they use to select effect estimates.
These reports have used smoothing or spline methods in individual cities and pooled the results across multiple cities to obtain estimates that are more robust.
In addition, we used RRs which were derived from recent meta-analyses [ 4– 7] evaluating multiple studies with risk estimates that were adjusted for several confounders, including lifestyle-related risk factors.
While our search results only found two studies assessing 12-month prevalence of DSH with a behavioural scale (vs. single item), the prevalence estimates that included multiple-item behaviour based measures yielded a slightly higher average 12-month prevalence of 11.1% (SD = 8.4) than the single item assessments mean of 8.5% (SD = 5.3).
We contribute an object tracking method that generates and maintains multiple hypotheses consisting of probabilistic state estimates that are generated by the individual information sources.
The majority of current literature relates to single center or regional experiences, whereas data from multiple national networks will provide robust estimates that will allow development of unified recommendations regarding optimal design and staffing of neonatal units.
One review of multiple studies estimated that approximately 20percentt of foster youth who graduate from high school attend college, compared with 60percentt of high school graduates overall. .
The divergence between sugarcane and sorghum has previously been investigated using orthology, with multiple studies estimating that the two species diverged about 7.7 - 9.0 MYA [ 3, 17, 18].
For example, a Taiwan analysis showed a considerable rise in the duration of contraceptive use when family planning programs began offering multiple methods, estimating that the addition of one method would increase total contraceptive use by about 12 percentage points (from 30%to42%2%).
Disadvantages are that multiple estimates of selection have been made for relatively few species and that estimates of mortality are calculated indirectly using information on selection.
