Entry into vacuoles occurs in multiple epithelial cell lines including AGS gastric adenocarcinoma, Caco-2 colon adenocarcinoma and MDCK kidney cell line, and depends on the actin cytoskeleton.
These studies have provided insights into specific gene regulatory networks that control lung progenitor cell fate and expansion, airway branching and differentiation of the lung progenitors into the multiple epithelial cell lineages.
TGF-β is a potent inhibitor of proliferation in multiple epithelial cell types, including alveolar type II cells [28].
TGF-β signaling inhibits proliferation in multiple epithelial cell types by influencing the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins to induce arrest prior to the restriction point in G1.
The question how lack of pendrin affects fluid transport in the embryonic inner ear is complicated by the fact that pendrin is expressed in multiple epithelial cell types that are located in small domains throughout the inner ear.
Since TGF-β/Smad signaling is a major anti-proliferative pathway in multiple epithelial cell types, and is active in the postnatal mouse bronchiolar epithelium [34], we tested the effect of Sox2 on TGF-β1/Smad3 mediated gene transcription.
While epithelial cells in the mature lung are normally quiescent, subpopulations of endogenous cells within the respiratory epithelium possess the capacity to reenter the cell cycle, proliferate, and redifferentiate into multiple epithelial cell types with appropriate function and location along the proximal/distal lung axis following injury.
The large intestine, from which HT-29 cells are derived, is composed of multiple epithelial cell types, and we used confocal microscopy to assess if any of these cell types are present in our 3-D aggregates and if Salmonella is targeting these cell types during infection [58].
The mammary gland requires the coordinated efforts of multiple epithelial cell lineages to build an organized bilayered ductal network.
The presence of multiple epithelial cell types in milk cell fractions opens the door to potential breast cancer diagnostics in lactating women.
