pFLuc TF reporter constructs encoded FLuc with a minimal TATA box from the herpes simplex virus with one or multiple enhancer elements upstream of the promoter that were specific for a particular TF (Panomics, Fremont, CA, USA).
This super-enhancer comprises multiple enhancer modules with selective activity that recruits a compendium of transcription factors, including GFI1b, RUNX1 and MYB.
A recent study showed that multiple enhancer variants cooperatively contribute to alter the expression of their gene targets58.
Corradin, O. et al. Combinatorial effects of multiple enhancer variants in linkage disequilibrium dictate levels of gene expression to confer susceptibility to common traits.
Lastly, genes are frequently regulated by multiple enhancer elements or clusters of enhancer elements.
Our results clearly demonstrated a preferential high-level expression of p53 reporter in the proliferating compartments of multiple tissues as dictated by the enhancer box sequence (E-box) and 3′UTR regulatory elements.
The relevance of the recently evolved 5′-UTR CCAAT box in PDX1 is unknown, although the presence of multiple enhancers in the proximal promoter region and 5′-UTR is congruent with the central role of PDX1 in the regulation of β-cell development and insulin secretion.
Each promoter may have multiple enhancer-promoter interactions, and thus may have more than one type of interactions.
Hu, G., Codina, M. & Fisher, S. Multiple enhancers associated with ACAN suggest highly redundant transcriptional regulation in cartilage.
TADs can be hundreds of kilobases in size, often containing several genes and multiple enhancers, at least some of which appear to interact by looping mechanisms.
