The accumulation of AGEs and activation of AGE receptors results in multiple downstream pathogenetic effects leading to microvascular damage.
Furthermore, because it is controlled by multiple genes with small effects (leading to lower selection pressure on the pathogen) and/or is presumed to have a broader specificity, quantitative resistance should be overcome more slowly by the pathogen and appears to be an alternative for the development of durable host plant resistance (Boyd 2006; Brun et al. 2010; Palloix et al. 2009).
Genes that regulate many biological processes also tend to exhibit pleiotropic effects, leading to multiple and seemingly unrelated phenotypes.
Combination therapy might promote synergistic effects leading to low drug dosage, as well as suppresses resistance to therapy if multiple cell survival pathways are targeted at once though there are chances of higher toxicity.
Women believed that their experience was the result of multiple causes that combined to create a "perfect storm" or "domino effect," leading to the selection of multiple strategies for recovery.
Multiple dose steroids have a more marked positive effect, leading to a reduction of laryngeal oedema after extubation by 86% and the subsequent reintubation by 81%, but we found no significant differences with single dose regimens.
As this miRNA is implicated in TGF- β pathway downregulation and human hepatocarcinogenesis (Borel et al, 2012; Geraldo et al, 2012), the presented results support a multiple effect of SERPINB3 leading to increased TGF- β signalling by an increased production of this cytokine and by downregulation of miR-146b-5p miR-146b-5p miR-146b-5p4, the miRNAeffecthatof targetspathway.
To test our hypothesis that conjugating multiple cationic dendrimers on a nanoworm scaffold would enhance the proton sponge effect, leading to better cytosolic release of cargos, we evaluated the efficiency of dendriworm endosomal escape compared to free dendrimers.
Accordingly, the combination of the nutritional ingredients FO, SOM and high protein/leucine is able to induce a synergistic effect, leading to an improved health status of the mice related to immune competence, weight gain and multiple inflammatory indices.
YB-1 has multiple effects on cancer cells [9], with over-expression leading to increased proliferation and siRNA silencing inhibiting growth and inducing apoptosis.
