Sentence examples for multiple effector proteins from inspiring English sources

Rab1 is a key regulator of membrane transport in the early secretory pathway of eukaryotic cells (Sherwood and Roy, 2013), and during infection it was targeted by multiple effector proteins such as DrrA/SidM and AnkX (Ingmundson et al., 2007; Machner and Isberg, 2007; Murata et al., 2006; Schoebel et al., 2009).

Central to plant – oomycete pathosystems is a complex signaling process in which multiple effector proteins are delivered either into the host cell or to the free diffusional space outside the plasma membrane (the host apoplast) to manipulate host cell structure and function [6].

It was not until later that the multiple effector proteins and pathways that mediate this effect were identified.

While multiple effector proteins recognize the GTP-bound form, the GDP-bound form is unable to form such interactions.

Many of the world's most important diseases are caused by bacterial pathogens that deliver multiple effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells.

Bacterial pathogens deliver multiple effector proteins into eukaryotic cells to subvert host cellular processes and an emerging theme is the cooperation between different effectors.

Many bacterial pathogens inject multiple T3SS effector proteins over a short period of time, which manipulate a wide variety of host cell processes.

24– 26 Similar to KRAS, activated Ral-GTP interacts with multiple downstream effector proteins including RalBP1, which promotes membrane ruffling and filopodia formation through Rac1 and CDC42, as well as receptor trafficking via endocytic regulation.

During the DNA damage response (DDR), the sensor kinases Tel1 and Mec1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and ATM and ATR in human, phosphorylate multiple mediators which activate effector proteins to initiate cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair.

Multiple adaptor proteins and effector proteins, including the B cell linker protein BLNK, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav, phospholipase C-γ (PLCγ), and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), associate to form signaling complexes that trigger downstream pathways such as activation of Btk, mobilization of Ca2+, and activation of the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway.

After TCR engagement, LAT is tyrosine phosphorylated by ZAP-70 creating docking sites for multiple src homology 2-containing effector proteins.