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Polyfunctional cells are thought to be more efficacious for two reasons: first, they bring to bear, on each target cell, a wider range of effector functions simultaneously (as opposed to requiring the simultaneous recruitment of multiple effector cells).
Btk also functions downstream of immune-complex mediated FcγR and FcεR pathways in multiple effector cells [ 9, 11, 35, 36], therefore we next investigated the effects of PCI-32765 on monocytes, macrophages, and mast cells following Fc receptor stimulation.
In the gut, CRF binds to CRF1 and CRF2 receptors which are expressed in multiple effector cells in the gut including neurons, epithelial cells, and immune cells such as the mast cells (MC) serving thereby as end-effector of the brain-gut axis.
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Although vaccines are varied in their design and target goal, recent technology has afforded researchers the opportunity to induce recruitment of multiple effector cell populations, cytokines, and factors that can elicit cellular and humoral responses.
Since LMP7 inhibition blocks cytokine production in multiple immune effector cells, it is possible that ONX 0914 treatment prevents differentiation to and cytokine production by autoreactive T cells.
Moreover, IL-2 engineered cells lost their tumorigenicity into nu/nu mice and the mechanism of rejection appeared to involve multiple host effector cell populations, among which a prominent role was played by neutrophils and radiosensitive cells.
Bacterial pathogens deliver multiple effector proteins into eukaryotic cells to subvert host cellular processes and an emerging theme is the cooperation between different effectors.
Both TSCM and TMNP cells, which express naive T cell markers (CD45RA+CD45RO−CCR7+CD62L+), respond rapidly to antigens, express multiple effector molecules and produce memory and effector cells.
pDCs are considered as the most potent "natural IFN-producing cells" [27] and, through production of this cytokine, they might activate multiple effector mechanisms of the immune system, including T cells, B cells and NK cells [3].
Because an optimal antitumor response requires coordination of multiple immune, tumor, and microenvironment effector cells, novel approaches targeting distinct mechanisms of action likely in combination are needed.
Tumors may induce immune tolerance or resist destruction by activated immune effector cells through multiple proposed mechanisms [ 21].
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