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A graph is called a multi-graph when E is not necessarily composed of distinct pairs of vertices (thus multiple edges are allowed in a multi-graph and E is no longer a set, but a multi-set), and is called a simple graph if no multiple edges are allowed.
Then we can extract a coauthorship network from a hypergraph as a simple graph, where edges are formed between every two nodes in each hyperedge, and the multiple edges are treated as one.
Molecular structure graphs have strong properties that can be exploited [4], e.g., they are undirected, have no self-loops and no multiple edges, are connected (except for salts), annotated, often planar in the graph-theoretic sense, and their vertex degree is bounded by a small constant.
Thus, multiple edges are forbidden.
As clusters are being merged, multiple edges are possible between a pair of non-singleton clusters.
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Loopless triangulations of a polygon with k vertices in k+2n triangles (with interior points and possibly multiple edges) were enumerated by Mullin in 1965, using generating functions and calculations with the quadratic method.
An undirected graph G with no loops or multiple edges is a pair (V(G), E(G)) where the elements of V(G) represent the set of vertices; the elements of E(G) are called edges, and they are two-element subsets { v, w} of V(G).
We do this because a vertex is enqueued multiple times (once for each hop), therefore its edges are traversed multiple times.
A node in the original network belongs to multiple clusters if its incident edges are clustered into different clusters.
In the case of multiple edges between any pair of nodes, the edges are collapsed into one and assigned a weight equal to the sum of the individual edge weights.
Systems consisting of multiple edge servers are a popular solution to deal with performance and network resource utilization problems related to the growth of the Web.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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