Sentence examples for multiple drug efflux from inspiring English sources

S. cerevisiae is an excellent model organism representing this kingdom, but its multiple drug efflux pumps often reduce the cytotoxicity of otherwise potent compounds.

We used the E. coli Frag-1B strain, which is wild-type for the AcrAB multiple drug efflux pump system, and also the wild-type E.coli BW25113 strain.

These findings suggest that the inhibition of multiple drug efflux pumps might be necessary if clinically relevant MDR reversal is to be achieved in malignant melanoma.

On the other hand, NAG3 (TMP1) and NAG4 (TMP2) show susceptibility to a number of unrelated compounds such as cycloheximide, 4-nitroquinoline- N-oxide and 1,10-phenanthroline and are upregulated in response to these drugs, suggesting that they function as multiple drug efflux pumps [ 21].

A large gene block included several genes of interest: the T3e ripAU, a two-component system involved in the stress response of cpxR and cpxA, multiple drug efflux pumps from the Acr and RND families, and an AraC-type transcriptional regulator.

The redundancy evident in the toxin gene repertoire of Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus is astounding – at the time of its sequencing in 2003, P. luminescens was described as having more genes encoding toxins than any other genome sequenced to date [ 40], however, Serratia sp. SCBI also has over 200 genes encoding toxins, NRPS genes, multiple drug efflux systems and assorted virulence factors.

Although the architecture of tripartite multiple drug resistance (MDR) efflux pumps of Gram-negative bacteria has been well characterized, the means by which the components recognize each other and assemble into a functional pump remains obscure.

Cisplatin resistance can include multiple pathways: increased drug efflux, evasion of apoptotic pathways, bypass of the replication checkpoint, increased cell proliferation and increased DNA damage repair [ 63], and thus it might be harder to delineate a specific mechanism.

These organisms possess multiple drug resistance mechanisms, with drug efflux being a significant contributing factor.

Cisplatin resistance is a complex problem which involves multiple pathways including increased drug efflux, evasion of apoptotic pathways, a bypass of the replication checkpoint, increased cell proliferation and increased DNA damage repair (Galluzzi et al, 2012).

This suggests that there is no common underlying cause of drug-resistance to multiple drugs, such as broad-specificity drug efflux pump getting over-expressed, or a mutation in a gene that changes the permeability of the mycobacterial cell wall [26].