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Multiple domestication traits are found clustered fairly closely together throughout the genome.
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If pleiotropy is occurring, QTL studies between wild and domestic animals should show an overlap between the multiple different domestication traits.
For example, Glyma17g08840 homologous to tga1 and Glyma17g08861 homologous to OsMADS56 are located in the same CDR on Gm17 and are associated with QTL that regulate multiple domestication-related traits, including leaflet length, plant weight, seed weight, and yield (Supplementary Table S16 and Fig. 3a).
This population has also been genotyped for genes involved in disease resistance (McHale et al. 2009) and candidate genes for horticultural and domestication traits (Lavelle 2009) as well as phenotyped for multiple traits (Argyris et al. 2005, 2008; Zhang et al. 2007; Hartman et al. 2012).
This implies that the emergence of domestication traits in fruits and seeds is likely to have resulted from human selection acting on multiple wild genotypes.
There are many genes or quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with the major domestication traits.
Again, these data strongly suggest that the quantitative nature of domestication traits should be considered more carefully in efforts to elucidate the rice domestication process.
In a study of rice domestication, QTLs for domestication traits were found to be clustered within certain chromosome regions (Sweeney and McCouch 2007).
Early rice cultivation followed two pathways towards domestication in India and China, with selection for domestication traits in early Yangtze japonica and a non-domestication feedback system inferred for 'proto-indica'.
Moreover, contrary to most of the early domestication traits, some of these novel traits are advantageous to the crop and not just to humans.
Blue indicates the potential spread of proto-indica exploitation and non-intensive cultivation, without major selection for domestication traits.
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