The French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot (1825 1893) was the first person to recognize multiple sclerosis as a distinct disease in 1868.
For example, in the case of α-synuclein, an intrinsically unstructured, highly amyloidogenic, 14.5 kDa protein associated with Parkinson's disease, multiple distinct conformations of the protein monomer have been identified using ESI MS [53,54].
First, we currently report only a single subnetwork for each pathway, whereas clearly, in some diseases, multiple distinct pathways can be affected.
They may contain multiple distinct nuclei, especially in chronic disease.
For example, one experienced scientific consultant could oversee the science collaborations for multiple distinct organizations dealing with the same or different rare diseases.
Pleiotropy is a feature of some genes, which refers to the ability to affect multiple, distinct and unrelated phenotypes and has important implications in development, disease and evolution [ 1– 4].
Consequently, these signatures may represent multiple distinct unknown perturbations that lead to, or result from, the same disease phenotype.
Advanced cancer is a multifactorial disease that accumulates many genetic and epigenetic alterations affecting multiple distinct regulatory circuits within cells.
The detection of NMO-IgG antibodies in the sera of patients with clinically defined NMO but not in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), gave rise to the concept that NMO might be a distinct disease entity [2].
The marked inter- and intra-familial variability in disease severity seen in DOA is likely to be a reflection of the multiple, distinct roles played by the Opa1 protein in normal cellular function (10, 11).
