When analyzing the gene expression profiles in 52 fresh retinoblastomas from patients who underwent surgical enucleation prior to anti-cancer treatment, McEvoy et al. observed multiple neuronal differentiation programs in the tumors, not present in normal retina.
Another explanation could be that, as suggested by recent studies, HSCs and other stem cells have a more "open" chromatin structure to facilitate rapid gene transcription for multiple cell lineage differentiation programs with chromatin becoming more closed as differentiation occurs [13].
While the "default" (endogenous) differentiation programs induce multiple lineages including extraembryonic endoderm, by overriding endogenous signalling with exogenous cytokines and environments [56], [57], we expect to be able to generate relatively pure populations of various cell types.
Dykstra, B. et al. Long-term propagation of distinct hematopoietic differentiation programs in vivo.
During hematopoiesis, polycomb proteins play fundamental roles in cell fate decisions and differentiation programs.
In contrast, p53 has differentiation-promoting role at late stages of several differentiation programs.
Furthermore, we conservatively filtered the predictions for expression in multiple cell lines in multiple differentiation stages.
Many alternative differentiation programs occur simultaneously during ES cell differentiation.
One pathway directing various differentiation programs, including T-cell differentiation, is the Notch-signaling pathway.
The results showed that these hSKPs had multiple differentiation potentials.
