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Adolescent self-harm is an independent risk factor for multiple dependence syndromes in adulthood.
Any and multiple dependence at each wave was identified from measures of nicotine and cannabis dependence and alcohol abuse and dependence.
Although variation in RGS17 influences susceptibility to multiple dependence traits in both AAs and EAs, our results suggest that different mechanisms may be operative in some cases.
Self-harm predicted a four-fold increase in the odds of multiple dependence syndromes (sex- and wave-adjusted OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 2.7 6.6).
By comparison, only 1-in-25 of adolescents not reporting self-harm, met criteria for multiple dependence syndromes at wave 7.
Nevertheless, after adjustment for all measured confounders, including adolescent substance use, the association between adolescent self-harm and the occurrence of multiple dependence syndromes in adulthood remained (full adjusted OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2 3.2).
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Multiple substance dependence categories together, rather than any one individual addiction outcome, may explain the genetic variability of such disorder.
To examine differences in the characteristics and histories of male and female dependent heroin users, and in the clinical characteristics associated with multiple substance dependence diagnoses.
It is found that the diversity of ultrafast dynamics originates from multiple parameter dependence.
One death was classified as F19.0, psychiatric diseases and behavioural diseases caused by multiple drug dependence, with no additional cause of death listed.
On performing the hierarchy multiple regressions, dependence status still significantly predicted negative scores after adjusting the confounders (t = −2.87, P = 0.005).
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