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These HSS could be associated to a single coronal hole, multiple coronal holes, single coronal mass ejection, multiple coronal mass ejections, or both the coronal holes and the coronal mass ejections.
However, comparatively, the relationship between the amplitudes of (−Bz) and (−Dst) is weakest (cc = 0.71) during the passage of multiple coronal holes associated stream, and the relation is strongest (cc = 0.89) during the passage of single CMEs.
Based on our analysis, we found that the average (Dst)min is lowest (∼20 nT) due to streams from single coronal hole and multiple coronal holes, and it is comparatively higher (∼25 nT) due to compound streams.
High-speed solar wind streams emanating from multiple coronal holes in the Sun's atmosphere caused these features.
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However, as compared to single coronal hole, the (Dst)min is nearly twice (∼40 nT) and thrice (∼65 nT) due to single coronal mass ejection and multiple coronal mass ejections, respectively.
Another phenomenon responsible for magnetic storms is the existence of coronal holes around the Sun.
There are regions of little or no corona called coronal holes.
Coronal holes persist for many 27-day solar (equatorial) rotations and, as a consequence, produce recurrent magnetic storms.
Coronal holes are the hypothetical "M regions" on the Sun proposed many decades ago to explain recurrent storms that could not be associated with particular solar flares.
Analysis of solar wind data shows that coronal holes at the equator are associated with high-velocity streams in the solar wind, and recurrent geomagnetic storms are associated with the return of these holes.
Recurrent storms are caused by features on the Sun called coronal holes that live for several months and generate corotating interaction regions (disturbances in the solar wind where the fast solar wind from the coronal holes catches up with the slow solar wind) that repeat on the 27-day solar rotation period.
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