The catalyst layer (CL) of the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell is comprised of multiple constituent materials including platinum catalyst, carbon support and ionomer.
We use aggregates composed of multiple constituent particles to model biological material due to the prevalence of aggregate structures in nature and because the chlorophyll molecule is typically contained inside aggregated structures such as chloroplasts (Fig. 2).
The scheme uses Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) as the surrogate to build up a layered structure which encapsulates the multiple constituent LDPC codes in the source and relay nodes.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is from the field enhancement mechanism and regarded as a powerful sensing tool since it can enable highly sensitive detection as well as multiple constituent analyses [1].
Wang and Irudayaraj (2010) performed the site-selective assembly of magnetic nanoparticles onto the ends and sides of gold nanorods to create multifunctional Fe3O4/Au rod, Fe3O4 nanodumbbells, and Fe3O4/Au rod necklace-like constructs with tunable optical and magnetic properties (Figure 6), applicable for multiple constituent detection and separation.
To be able to react to innumerable antigens, as well as multiple constituent epitopes, the immune system requires the ability to recognize a very great number of epitopes in all, i.e., there should be a great diversity of B cell clones.
Rats successfully learned this task, achieving a performance higher than 70% correct in about 12 training sessions, thus showing the capability to concurrently process multiple constituent parts of visual objects.
This clearly indicates the power and appropriateness of the forward genetic approach employed in the present study in uncovering the genetic basis of an aggregate polygenic trait such as cellular clumping that involves multiple constituent components.
