However, it is important to notice that the symptoms of ADHD are heterogeneous and often accompanied by multiple comorbid psychiatric disorders.
With regard to the effects of single vs. multiple comorbid anxiety disorders, in a sample of 153 bipolar I inpatient cases, Ghoreishizadeh et al. (2009) identified 43% rate of anxiety disorders with no significant relationship between anxiety disorders and the severity of bipolar disorder and the duration of hospitalisation.
In addition to psychiatric morbidity, numerous studies have shown that traumatic stress and especially PTSD are associated with poor self-reported physical health, increased utilization of medical services, and an elevated risk for multiple comorbid medical disorders such as respiratory, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases [ 5- 7].
*Classification into multiple categories for comorbid disorders.
Patients who need treatment for multiple traumas, severe comorbid disorders or social problems may benefit from extending the duration of treatment.
Older people nearing the end of life are susceptible to multiple comorbid illnesses including neurodegenerative disorders that cause impairments in motor and sensory functioning, mobility and balance as well as chronic conditions such as diabetes, arthritis and cardiovascular disease [ 3– 5].
It is important to note that incontinence is not representative of one particular LUT dysfunction but rather can arise from multiple sources including stress, comorbid disorders, and congenital abnormalities [ 19].
The core symptoms of the disorder are inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity [ 3], but children and adolescents with ADHD might have multiple comorbid psychiatric conditions including externalizing and internalizing disorders [ 4].
