Moreover, COPD clinical practice guidelines do not provide specific recommendations for older patients with multiple comorbid diseases [ 11].
It is critical that training moves research and practice to account for the complexity of multiple comorbid diseases that are the norm for real-world patients.
Its incidence is rising due to more aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in an ageing population with multiple comorbid diseases [ 3].
21 The frailty index proposed by Rockwood and Mitnitski 22, 23 is largely based on the accumulation of multiple comorbid diseases.
The presence of multiple comorbid diseases is common among lung cancer patients, with 22.1% of patients having five or more comorbid diseases, 54.3% having three or more, and 88.3% having one or more [ 14- 16].
The identification of more patients with multiple comorbid diseases and more patients with stage IV disease in the last time period (Table 1) supports our conclusion that outcome improved with centralization of esophageal resections.
These data suggest that the concomitant occurrence of multiple comorbid diseases exerts a more significant adverse effect on the short-term and long-term health of patients with an AMI than when they occur singly.
*Comorbidities not mutually exclusive; some patients had multiple chronic comorbid diseases.
Severe ADRs were associated with sex, age, comorbid disease burden, multiple drugs, multiple pharmacies, newly prescribed drugs, recent ED visit, recent hospitalization and long-term care (LTC) residence.
In hematological malignancies, multiple studies have established comorbid disease overall as an independent predictor of all-cause mortality [ 9– 14], especially among patients eligible for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [ 15– 17].
