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Multiple collateral pathways were opacified, as confirmed by coronal MIP (e) and VR (f).
The efficacy of a "downgrading" method for treatment of gastric varices (GVs) was evaluated in 15 patients who had undergone balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO) of GVs with multiple collateral veins.
Open image in new window Fig. 5 a Sagittal volume rendered 3D image in a patient with concentric LV thickening shows severe coarctation of the aortic arch (straight arrow) and multiple collateral vessels curved arrows).
The reason for this phenomenon is the system obtains more diversity gains and the transmitter sends multiple collateral data streams simultaneously, which is very helpful to improve the system performance.
Multiple collateral vessels were seen around the right knee.
Sacrificing critical intercostals can lead to immediate paraplegia but the multiple collateral pathways between the aorta and the spinal cord allow the maintenance of good perfusion in many cases, even if some intercostals are sacrificed.
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Open image in new window Fig. 12 Sagittal MIP image showing multiple collaterals in the wall of the urinary bladder (arrows).
(a) Digital subtraction angiogram shows total occlusion of the right popliteal artery (arrow), with filling defects of the distal superficial femoral artery (arrowheads) consistent with thrombus, and multiple collaterals around the knee.
Open image in new window Fig. 4 Sagittal MIP image from another patient demonstrating multiple oesophageal and para-oesophageal collaterals (arrows and asterisk, respectively) drained via dilated azygous vein (arrowheads) Open image in new window Fig. 5 Axial CECT image showing multiple collaterals in the gastric mucosa (arrowhead) and perigastric region (arrow).
Open image in new window Fig. 1 Portosystemic collateral pathways described in English-language medical literature Open image in new window Fig. 2 Coronal-oblique maximum intensity projection (MIP) contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) image demonstrating multiple collaterals in the oesophageal mucosa (solid arrows) and para-oesophageal region (interrupted arrow).
Joe Cassano, the short-tempered head of AIG's infamous financial-products division, worried about credit losses but apparently not about the possibility of multiple, massive collateral calls, which proved the firm's undoing.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com