Although protein-bound paclitaxel (PTX, Abraxane®) has been established as a standard PTX-based therapy against multiple cancers, its clinical success is limited by unfavorable pharmacokinetics, suboptimal biodistribution, and acute toxicities.
Treatment with engineering, tumor antigen-specific T cells has demonstrated significant clinical successes in patients with metastatic melanoma, colorectal carcinoma, synovial sarcoma, and multiple myeloma (Morgan et al., 2006; Johnson et al., 2009; Parkhurst et al., 2011; Robbins et al., 2011; Rapoport et al., 2015; Robbins et al., 2015) (Fig. 1).
However, these clinical successes thus far have employed autologous cells, which were produced on the campuses of multiple academic facilities for a given recipient on a case-by-case basis.
6– 9 Multiple forms of cancer therapy, including pure immunological therapies, propose widely different mechanisms of action for creating CRs and clinical successes.
Multiple clinical testing proved this basic premise correct.
Stakeholders perceived qualified clinical successes.
Although treatments, which target individual pathway, have showed clinical successes, the ability of tumor cell to develop resistance to circumvent inhibition of a single signaling pathway drives the urge to target multiple signaling pathways.
Qualitative data pointed to some qualified clinical successes.
Yet, clinical successes were described by stakeholders in qualified terms.
We highlight current strategies to protect and repair brain tissue with the promise to provide longer therapeutic windows, preservation of multiple tissue compartments and improved clinical success.
