The majority of consensus haplotypes are expected to come from multiple homologous chromosomes, which are assumed to be the original haplotypes from the Saccharum species.
This variation is particularly evident in bacterial genomes with multiple chromosomes, in which smaller, secondary chromosomes evolve more rapidly.
These effects also occur in bacterial genomes with multiple chromosomes, in which smaller secondary chromosomes tend to be replicated later and thus accumulate greater variation (Cooper et al. 2010).
In contrast to leukemia, lymphoma and sarcoma where a specific cytogenetic abnormality is usually present, epithelial malignant tumors such as lung adenocarcinomas are often characterized by aneuploidy (complex and multiple chromosome aberrations) which may reflect an alternative form of genetic instability called chromosomal instability [ 16].
In salivary glands of third instar larvae, DNA is found in the form of polytene chromosomes, which contain multiple linked chromosomes that are formed through massive replication without cell division, i.e. endoreplication [ 34].
In some eggs, nocodazole-induced disassembly of the meiotic spindle caused scattering of maternal chromosomes which induced formation of multiple cortical caps (Figure 4C, arrows) and spindles surrounding each chromosome fragment after washing out the drug (Figure 4D, E, arrows), which resulted in multiple polar body extrusions (Figure 4D, arrows).
This process results in banded polytene chromosomes, which are composed of multiple precisely aligned copies of sister chromatids and homologs.
Given the evidence for multiple origins of replications in Archaeabacetria chromosomes [ 39- 41] the 27 chromosomes, which include one secondary chromosome, annotated as Archaea were removed to give a total of 352 chromosomes studied.
Their cells became swollen with chromosomes, which doubled in number.
