3 Multiple chromosomal locations, genes, and genetic polymorphisms have been implicated.
Although the recombinant strain in our work has been constructed through chromosomal integration of the XylA gene, it is possible that multiple chromosomal amplifications of the gene have occurred during the evolutionary adaptation process.
We also identify multiple cases where non-integron chromosomal genes seem to have been assembled into gene cassettes and others where cassettes have been inserted into chromosomal locations outside integrons.
We acknowledge the fact that the ESF-5 strain, first isolated in 1966 [ 27], may have undergone loss or rearrangement of plasmid or chromosomal genes during multiple passages in cell culture.
Other repetitive elements, such as Pack-MULEs, have been shown to carry fragments of cellular genes from multiple chromosomal loci, some of which can be fused together to form novel open-reading frames that are expressed as chimeric transcripts (Jiang et al. 2004).
Though twin concordance studies support high heritability, global susceptibility genes have not been identified, and non-overlapping genetic studies implicate multiple genes and encompass multiple chromosomal regions [[ 4], e.g. [ 5], reviewed in [ 6]].
In rodents, there are ~150 V1R genes comprising 12 subfamilies organized in gene clusters at multiple chromosomal locations.
Our strategy is designed to compensate for the inherent disadvantage of loss of gene dosage (vs. plasmid-based expression) by integrating antigen-encoding gene cassettes into multiple chromosomal sites already inactivated in an attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi vaccine candidate.
Note that in each specific group of collocated genes in the query genome, individual genes may correspond to parts of multiple chromosomal cassettes in the other genomes involved in the profiler condition.
Multiple chromosomal loci have been implicated and one gene, CHN1 (MIM 118423), has so far been identified in families with autosomal dominant Duane retraction syndrome.
