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IFI16, which plays a role in p53-dependent DNA repair and transcriptional pathways and also regulates the production and secretion of multiple chemokines and cytokines driving the initial steps in the inflammatory process, is dephosphorylated following 2- and 50-cGy exposures[47].
The efficient antiviral response induces infiltration of Th1 polarized virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells via multiple chemokines and their cognate chemokine receptors.
This is in line with enhanced secretion of IL6, TGFβ1 and multiple chemokines, and with activation of the Erk1/2, p38MAPK, Stat3 and TGFβ signalling pathways.
Although the concept that humoral and cellular immunity to IIC is crucial for the development of CIA is widely accepted, multiple chemokines and cytokines are also important for the pathogenesis.
Furthermore, chemokines duplicated relatively recently, most of which are inflammatory chemokines, tend to be promiscuous in ligand-receptor interactions: a single-chemokine receptor responds to multiple chemokines and, conversely, one chemokine acts on several chemokine receptors [ 9].
Rather than focusing on individual chemokines, as most previous investigators have done, we investigated the expression of multiple chemokines and assessed the impact that overall chemokine expression has on SLE disease features.
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Multiple chemokine and cytokine genes are expressed in taste buds.
In this study, we observed that the gene expression levels of multiple chemokines, including Ccl9 and Ccl3, were significantly increased in adipose tissue of TH mice compared to B6 mice.
Type I interferons also enhance the expression of immunologically important molecules such as MHC class I, CD38, interleukins such as BLyS, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-15, and multiple chemokines [ 14- 17].
With respect to ligands and growth factors, the most highly expressed included multiple chemokines MDK, CXCL1, CX3CL1 and CXCL6 (Table 5).
Each receptor can bind multiple chemokines within its class and each chemokine can bind multiple receptors.
More suggestions(15)
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