Although the mechanism remains to be investigated, we did find that 3D HUVECs networks formed on monolayer hMSCs sheets and in the 3D multiple cell sheet constructs.
These results demonstrated that the combination of multiple PDL cell sheets and a biphasic scaffold allows the simultaneous delivery of the cells necessary for in vivo regeneration of alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum.
A thin mineralized cementum-like tissue was deposited on the dentin surface for the scaffolds incorporating the multiple PDL cell sheets, as observed by H&E and Azan staining.
While this study focused on single cell matrix interactions, future studies might envision quantifying cell-substrate interactions for multiple cells, cell sheets or cell clusters.
Immunofluorescent staining for CD31 result shows that a large number of networks formed in the multiple layer cell sheets, and capillary and luminal structures were seen in the 3D cell sheet construct, white arrows).
In contrast, stacking multiple cell-containing sheets assembles a structure similar to a spheroid (Fig. 6H).
Figure 9(a) shows multiple enclosed boundaries produced for the construction of multiple round flat cell sheets.
Although it is yet unclear how substrate stiffness precisely regulates cell matrix adhesions, the cytoskeletal network, and traction force exertion in cell clusters, it has been shown that the differences induced by substrate stiffness can extend multiple cell layers into a cell sheet (Ng et al., 2012).
In order to achieve simultaneous alveolar bone and periodontal ligament regeneration a cell-based strategy was carried out by combining osteoblast culture in the bone compartment and placement of multiple periodontal ligament (PDL) cell sheets on the electrospun membrane.
