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Successful genetic modification of stem cells requires achieving efficient DNA transfer into cells and maintaining their multiple cell characteristics.
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These spheres derived from CCE cells showed multiple cancer cell characteristics.
Conclusions: Chronic cadmium exposure produced multiple tumor cell characteristics in HPDE cells and CCE cell derived spheres.
Chronic cadmium exposure in vitro caused the acquisition of multiple cancer cell characteristics in human pancreatic epithelial cells.
In addition, CCE cells produced nonadherent pancreaspheres with an aggressive nature that also showed multiple cancer cell characteristics.
To investigate the influence of chronic inflammation on human satellite cell regenerative potential, multiple satellite cell characteristics were measured (Table 2, Figure 1).
This is consistent with chronic cadmium exposure causing acquisition of multiple cancer cell characteristics in CCE cells and CCE cell derived pancreaspheres.
In the present study, chronic treatment of pancreatic epithelial cells with cadmium markedly increased pancreasphere formation, and these spheres had multiple cancer cell characteristics typical of CSCs.
To determine whether chronic cadmium exposure resulting in acquisition of multiple cancer cell characteristics stimulates pancreasphere formation, we studied the formation of floating spheres from the same number of CCE and control cells, first determining size and number.
In support of accumulating human data associating cadmium exposure with pancreatic cancer (Adams et al. 2012; Amaral et al. 2011; Kriegel et al. 2006; Schwartz and Reis 2000), the present study shows chronic in vitro exposure to a nontoxic, low level of cadmium causes acquisition of multiple tumor cell characteristics in normal human pancreatic epithelial cells.
In this study, we investigated the expression of multiple cell surface markers characteristic of glial genesis hierarchy in freshly isolated viable glioma cells as well as the expression of GFAP, NSE and synaptophysin in the fixed specimens from a cohort of low-grade and high-grade glioma patients.
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