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However, the influence of multiple cartilage defects in one joint on cartilage repair response has not been investigated.
Furthermore, the use of multiple cartilage defects per animal is important, both economically and ethically, since the utilization of multiple defects will allow the researcher to reduce the number of animals needed.
When multiple cartilage defects were observed the highest grade was scored.
In cases of multiple cartilage defects within one of the six articular surfaces, only the highest grade of cartilage damage was documented.
Extended full-thickness lesions with denudation of the bone are defined as grade 4. In cases of multiple cartilage defects within one of the six articular surfaces, only the highest grade of cartilage damage was documented.
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Current treatments used in small cartilage defects including multiple drilling, abrasion arthroplasty, mosaicplasty, and autogenous chondrocyte transplantation, however, there are problems needed to be solved.
For this reason, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be useful to screen for concomitant multiple ligament injury, meniscal lesions, or combined cartilage defects.
For patients with cartilage defects in their medical history, clinical studies demonstrate multiple risks for early onset of arthrosis [ 4].
Surprisingly, inhibition of cathepsin K activity not only resulted in phenotypic correction of the cartilage defects but also led to a general suppression of multiple protease activities in ML-II embryos.
These observations support the concept of modifying bone marrow aspirates by multiple rAAV vectors as a promising approach for future implantation procedures in articular cartilage defects in vivo.
Targeting multiple cytokines, including IL-6, may be effective in improving cartilage repair in symptomatic cartilage defects and osteoarthritis.
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