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However, only one or two of the nine loci show >1 allele in many samples, suggesting that mutation within infections may result in overestimation of true multiple carriage rates.
The association between age and multiple carriage was also investigated.
The proportion of multiple carriage, i.e. samples with more than one isolate was 13% (8/62).
Minority serotypes 5, 6A, 6C, 9N, 13, 22F were only detected as part of multiple carriage.
Carriage of two or more serotypes is defined as multiple carriage.
The effect of HIV infection on multiple carriage was also investigated.
Similar(13)
The observed heterogeneity in multiple clone carriage rates, linkage disequilibrium and population differentiation are similar in some, but not all, respects to those observed in P. falciparum, and have important implications for the design of association mapping studies, and interpretation of P. vivax epidemiology.
Multiple serotype carriage was observed in 1 swab, which had serotypes 15C and 35B.
Our study provides the first description of the prevalence of multiple pneumococcal carriage in Malawi.
Multiple serotype carriage methods might have revealed more nonvaccine strains in both studies, pointing to unmasking instead of true replacement after eradication of vaccine strains.
Nevertheless, it would be interesting to determine the frequency of multiple gene carriage by a single clone and we are currently prospectively attempting to trace back to the gene-carrying clone(s).
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