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Suitable reactive functions are those that participate in: carbonyl addition, substitution, multiple bond addition, and free-radical coupling.
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Hydrogenation is the addition of molecular hydrogen (H2) to a multiple bond, which converts alkenes to alkanes.
The addition of a metal hydride to a multiple bond is called hydrometallation, and it leads to the formation of a metal-carbon bond.M−H + H2C=CH2 → MH2C−CH3 This reaction is driven mainly by the high C−H bond strength relative to most E−H bond strengths.
The direct addition of an organocopper or cuprate reagent to a carbon heteroatom multiple bond might rightfully be considered the forgotten son of transition metal based carbon carbon bond formation.
Examples of these reaction sequences are shown below: Reactions in which a multiple bond between two atoms becomes partly or fully saturated by covalent attachments at both centres are called addition reactions.
An analysis of the shapes adopted by species with multiple bonds suggests that each multiple bond can be treated as a single "superpair" of electrons.
Heteronuclear multiple bond connectivity.
Fig. 5 Heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) of DNPH-glucose.
In addition, the following 2D spectra were recorded on representative samples of wild-type and 391 mice to facilitate the assignment of signals in the 1D spectra: total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), double-quantum filtered correlation spectroscopy (DQF-COSY), 13C-heteronuclear single-quantum correlation (13C-HSQC), 13C-heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (13C-HMBC) and 13C-HSQC-TOCSY.
NMR (heteronuclear multiple bond correlation through the double bond) confirms one GMA per chain terminus.
The reactions include simple bond cleavages but also complex reactions involving multiple bond cleavages and formation of new molecules.
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