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We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between 28 day survival and transfer, and between transfer and multiple birth, with the inclusion of interaction terms to test whether the association differed between epochs.
Also, we excluded women if their pregnancy was terminated by an induced abortion (n = 93), hydatidiform mole (n = 42), ectopic pregnancies (n = 24), or if they had multiple birth with no live born infants (n = 3) or if the mother died during pregnancy (n = 1).
Of the 92,892 women participating in the first telephone interview, we excluded all subsequent pregnancies (n = 2,425), women whose pregnancies ended with induced abortion (n = 93), hydatidiform mole (n = 42), ectopic pregnancy (n = 24), multiple birth with no live born infants (n = 3), women who died during pregnancy (n = 1), and unknown outcomes of the pregnancy (n = 9).
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In vitro fertilisation, Forbes argues in pungent tones, has brought about "an unnatural plague of multiple births" with evidence of increased developmental disorders.
All women, irrespective of single birth or multiple births, with data registered in the MHCR between 2011 and 2012 were included in the study.
To examine the specific trends, the analyses were performed for all births and separately for singletons and multiple births (with more than one newborn).
Multiple births, with their higher risk of morbidity, mortality and preterm birth, are associated with greater use of neonatal intensive care units, longer hospital stays, and higher rates of medication.
We also conducted a sensitivity analysis, including multiple births, with clustering of outcomes accounted for by using an approach that regards each woman as the "cluster" and her number of offspring as the cluster size.
When assessing obstetrical history as a predictor for postpartum testing studies found no significant associations with gravidity [ 42, 53], number of prior pregnancies with GDM [ 41], prior macrosomia [ 59], multiple births with affected pregnancy [ 42], prior history of preeclampsia or eclampsia [ 42].
The HFEA's concerns about the multiple birth rate with IVF in the UK are echoed by the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada and the Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society, who have highlighted the need to avoid iatrogenic twins.
In addition, the rates of hospitalisation for ALRI were higher in children with multiple birth defects than children with isolated birth defects.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com