Multiple births, babies with a sibling in the NICU sample, and babies subsequently admitted to a NICU for more than 24 hours were excluded.
Multiple births, babies born to women with gestational hypertension or gestational diabetes, and births greater than 42 weeks gestation were excluded from all analyses.
Regression analysis was used to examine whether the association between the use of breastfeeding and mother-rated conduct problems was maintained after controlling for these factors (smoking during pregnancy, maternal antisocial behaviour, maternal education, special care baby unit, multiple birth, child birth weight, child sex and age).
IN the last few years, women's magazines that focus primarily on health issues have multiplied faster than multiple-birth baby strollers on the Upper East Side.
"This is not a triumph of medicine". In addition to the potential health hazards faced by multiple-birth babies, Keith stressed the enormous financial burdens of caring for and raising so many children.
The analysis then adjusts scores to account for the length of the mother's pregnancy, whether the mother received prenatal care, whether the baby was from a single or multiple birth, the baby's 5-minute Apgar score (a quick assessment of the infant's physical health at birth) and whether delivery was by cesarean section.
To test this, we selected subjects who said that they smoked during the first and/or the third trimester of pregnancy (excluding multiple births and babies born before 36 full weeks' gestation).
Over the age of 44 it becomes very rare for a mother of a multiple birth to have a baby diagnosed with Down syndrome.
Birth status (live or stillbirth), multiplicity (singleton or multiple birth), mother's age at delivery and country of birth, and baby's sex and birth weight were taken from birth registration data.
Babies were classified as "not transferred," "transferred ≤24 hours," and "transferred between 24 hours and 28 days"; babies from multiple birth sets were classified as "separated due to transfer" or "not separated".
In 2000, there were only 77 multiple births of five babies or more in the United States, according to the National Center for Health Statistics.
