Sentence examples for multiple association signals from inspiring English sources

Here, we describe a multi-SNP association method that estimates the effect of loci harboring multiple association signals by using GWAS summary statistics.

The latter analysis measures the overall association evidence across a gene, highlighting genes with multiple association signals.

It has, however, been speculated that these multiple association signals are mainly reflecting the strong LD between rs1143679 and nearby markers [11] (Figure 1A), as any haplotype carrying the risk allele A at rs1143679 within ITGAM confers risk for SLE [10].

Extensive genotyping of the 15q25 region has recently provided evidence for multiple association signals defining nicotine dependence within this chromosome region; specifically a second probable disease locus independent of rs1051730 rs16969968, which is annotated by the highly correlated SNPs rs8042374, rs6495309 and rs578776 [6], [12] [12].

Much biological insight from GWAS can be gained when multiple association signals are collectively co-analyzed.

However, even after correction for multiple testing, multiple association signals across the gene remained significant.

Conditional haplotype based analyses are routinely used to evaluate for the presence of multiple independent association signals that could then indicate the presence of multiple causal variants within a given locus.

In addition, it has become clear that a small number of regions associated with many traits harbor multiple independent association signals (a classic example of which is the Chr8q24 region centromeric to MYC, which is associated with many forms of cancer including PrCa).

This study, termed arcOGEN, was the first GWAS to report multiple, independent association signals that replicated at a level considered significant after accounting for the multiple tests that are performed in a GWAS (P value < 5 × 10−8).

Overall, the comparisons between these two approaches highlight the increased power provided by the larger sample set available within our study; in particular in respect to the identification of multiple independent association signals within already known regions, but also demonstrate that the ability to incorporate multiple ethnic populations may further improve the efficiency of fine-mapping.

In addition, a locus may show strongly associated variants that are weakly correlated, suggesting the presence of multiple independent association signals.