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Note that the proposed architecture requires the multiple antennas of the eNodeB to perform both spatial diversity and beam-forming.
Note that arrays may be multiple antennas of one receiver or multiple users cooperating with each other ('virtual arrays').
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Receive diversity, that is, the use of multiple antennas on the receiver side of a wireless link, is a well-studied subject [3].
For such practical system model, we pursue a comprehensive analysis of the joint effects of feedback delay and multiple antennas on the performance of the system.
Instead of relying on the installation of multiple antennas on one wireless device, cooperative transmission achieves spatial diversity through physical layer cooperation.
In addition, the effects of multiple antennas on time-delay estimation and synchronization problems are investigated in [25].
However, installation of multiple antennas on one wireless device faces many practical obstacles, such as the cost and size of wireless devices.
The proposed security architecture includes a further application that exploits the availability of multiple antennas to suppress the interfering signal of the smart UL jammer, defined in Subsection 3.2.
Since the transmitter is equipped with multiple antennas, out-of-band radiation is generated as soon as the signal at only one antenna is clipped.
The performance impact of such ICI in terms of error vector magnitude (EVM) and throughput is analyzed under different conditions like the use of multiple antennas, the placement of the receive antennas, or the accuracy of the channel information to adapt the transmission rate.
The accurate synchronization in frequency and time domains is crucial to the correct sampling the incoming signal, simultaneous switching of multiple antennas, and extraction of Doppler characteristics.
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