Multiple divergent and convergent biochemical signaling pathways are stimulated after receptor activation, which then impinge upon multiple other pathways that are known to be important in breast cancer biology.
Our results indicate that the radiation of muroid rodents is characterized by multiple parallel and convergent evolutions of the molar crown, originating from an ancestor characterized by grade B molars.
Lectins with the highest amino acid similarity were not classified into the same protein family, indicating multiple origins and convergent evolution.
Different rates of evolution, multiple gene duplications and convergent evolution, as a consequence of specific adaptation to environmental demands, may be the reason for inconsistencies seen in comparisons of phylogenies deduced from trp genes or rRNA [ 16].
Yet our hypothesis, as others from molecular data, implies frequent molluscan shell and body transformations by heterochronic shifts in development and multiple convergent adaptations, leading to the variable shells and body plans in extant lineages.
Multiple multidirectional convergent and divergent locking screws enhance the angular stability of the osteosynthesis, possibly resulting in better postoperative function with reduced pain.
The former have been shown to have rich and convergent inputs from multiple other cortical regions and contribute to the integrity of multiple functional systems, such as attention and memory systems [47].
Ancestral state reconstructions of six common diagnostic characters and statistical evaluation of alternative phylogenetic hypotheses also partially rejected the current morphology-based classification and suggested multiple convergent evolution (both gain and loss) of some traits, after a period of rapid cladogenesis, rendering several subgroups paraphyletic.
Thus, it is very likely that a precisely timed and convergent input of multiple excitatory neurons in layer IV is necessary to cause action potential firing in fast-spiking parvalbumin neurons, if the latter are decoupled from an effective thalamic input (see below).
The pathogenesis and progression of NSCLC may involve multiple convergent and compensatory growth factor signalling pathways that emerge upon inhibition of the VEGF pathway, which may account for inherent or acquired resistance to VEGF-targeted therapy (Ellis and Hicklin, 2008).
