In our study, three genomic regions around 25.12, 26.92, and 27.72 Mb on chromosome 7 were detected in a varietal group-specific GWAS, suggesting that multiple allelic variations exist in the previously reported QTLs.
Thus, Glu-D3 genes were highly conserved among wheat varieties [ 16, 17], wherease Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 genes showed high diversities, which were derived from multiple allelic variations of i- and s-type genes, respectively.
Multifactorial or polygenic disorders, such as endometriosis, are determined by multiple genes with allelic variations.
The "dimmer" dials, all set at different levels, represent the multiple genes and many allelic variations involved in conditioning expression of anthocyanin pigmentation in a gradual way from very low to high pigmentation.
Common CNV polymorphisms (i.e. frequency > 1%) often with multiple allelic states defined by variations in copy number and/or genomic structure; and rare CNVs, that typically lead to deletion or duplication of larger genomic segments and exist in fewer allelic states (i.e., hemizygous or trisomic).
Supporting the specificity of our newly optimized QMVR, we noted that almost all amplification profiles from all MMR-proficient tumors fell within this range, while almost all MMR-deficient tumors showed large allelic variations at multiple markers and were outside of this range (Figure 1B).
For multiple regression analysis, allelic variation of the six genes was converted to dummy variables.
Collectively, the above data indicate that each Glu-3 locus may contain multiple LMW-GS genes with rich allelic variations, but do not provide a complete elucidation of the LMW-GS genes at individual Glu-3 loci in particular wheat genotypes, and do not establish specific correspondence between LMW-GS genes and their protein products accumulated in the seeds.
Allelic variations noted from multiple alignments were verified by inspecting the respective electropherograms.
The results presented in this study demonstrate that molecular analysis of allelic variations at polymorphic microsatellite markers can be used to determine lineage relationships between multiple tumors, facilitating the discrimination of second primary cancer versus metastatic disease.
Multiple allelic variants of these proteins were identified, different allelic variants dominated in different continents; the observed variation was predicted to impact the antigenicity and structure of two SP0148 variants, one SP1912 variant and four SP2108 variants, however these variants were each only present in a small fraction of the global population (<2%).
