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Multiple allelic variants of these proteins were identified, different allelic variants dominated in different continents; the observed variation was predicted to impact the antigenicity and structure of two SP0148 variants, one SP1912 variant and four SP2108 variants, however these variants were each only present in a small fraction of the global population (<2%).
In addition, GWAS may not be able to detect the phenotypic effects of rare alleles (present at very low frequencies in the populations studied) and GWAS detection power may decrease in the case of loci involving multiple allelic variants (Morris and Kaplan 2002), which may explain why GWAS have only unraveled a small portion of phenotypic variance (Zuk et al. 2014).
To create single mutations or multiple allelic variants, QuickChange XL site-directed mutagenesis kit (Stratagene) was used (The primers and cloning scheme for the different constructs is described in table S3).
Similarly, on-going bioinformatic screens of Euglena cDNAs have revealed multiple allelic variants of typically single-copy ribosomal protein genes (unpublished results).
Multiple allelic variants interact with one another and with environmental factors resulting in expression of obesity and its associated phenotypes [ 5].
Even with this correction, GWAS has limited power to detect allele variants present in rare frequencies (Brachi et al. 2011; Wallace et al. 2014; Zuk et al. 2014) or loci with multiple allelic variants (Zhang et al. 2012).
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28, 30 The opposite scenario is that of multiple rare allelic variants with low frequencies where this technique is not accurate as even larger cohorts would be necessary to reach enough statistical power, for example, the mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene, where multiple rare variants cause a high increased risk of suffering familial and nonfamilial PD in a low number of cases.
The remaining genetic susceptibility is thought to follow a polygenic model, with an interplay of multiple low-penetrance allelic variants appearing in high frequency in the general population, and each conferring a modest effect on disease risk [4], [5].
One important category of potential applications active genertics is the aggregation of multiple favored naturally occurring allelic variants in plants or animals.
The model easily allows for a small selective advantage of all multiple slow-causing NAT2 allelic variants, which may explain the growing phase in their frequency trajectory, independently of the underlying biochemical mechanism.
These quantitative traits are primarily governed by interactions of multiple genes and their allelic variants with environmental factors (1).
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multiple parental variants
multiple allelic variations
multiple viral variants
multiple allelic forms
multiple allelic effects
multiple allelic loci
multiple allelic deletions
multiple allelic changes
multiple allelic sequences
multiple allelic incompatibilities
multiple allelic states
multiple allelic differences
multiple causal variants
multiple allelic polymorphisms
multiple distinct variants
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