Therefore, PAGE is effective for detection, quantification and enrichment of multiple fine allelic differences and thus offers a versatile tool for screening targeted subtle gene alterations.
There was no overall correlation between the traits assayed, showing that multiple independent functional allelic differences exist between N2 and CB4856 (on chromosomes II and IV).
Unfortunately, alignments are more difficult to assess for multi-parental crosses and diploid organisms in general because there are multiple sets of allelic differences to influence the alignment.
At the same time our results show that variation at the same QTLs may be associated with phenotypic variation in multiple directions, depending on allelic differences and epistatic interactions with other loci.
Fixed allelic differences at multiple loci were considered strong evidence for reproductive isolation.
Multiple, independently performed EMSAs supported allelic differences in binding at rs2382818 (Fig. 2d).
Smith et al. (2013b) [ 3] previously characterized allelic RNA expression using nine brain regions from a single sample from the same dataset (MB011), finding large and consistent allelic differences for multiple genes, including SLC1A3.
Within an assembly of pooled DNA samples, it can be particularly challenging to distinguish variants of a sequence that is repeated in the genome of one individual from allelic differences between multiple individuals.
To reduce noise from sequencing errors or real nucleotide polymorphisms caused by allelic differences from pooling multiple individuals for sequencing, high quality isotigs and singletons were clustered using CD-HIT-EST prior to functional annotation using a sequence similarity threshold of 0.97 to generate a set of unique isotigs and reads, which were analogous to unigenes.
A gene cluster of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (CHRNA5, CHRNA3, and CHRNB4) and Neurexin1, also show allelic differences in heavy vs. light smokers in multiple studies [16], [17], [18], [19].
