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Multiple alignments within each of the group revealed the regions which were shared by all the strains.
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We used the "within group" multiple alignments from Step I to identify ECRs in each group (Fig. 1 : regions marked A1 and B are conserved within rodents, and regions A2 and C within fish).
Their orthology relationships were assessed by using the MCL algorithm (Enright et al. 2002) and further inspection of within-group multiple alignments and pairwise Smith Waterman alignments as implemented by EMBOSS (Rice et al. 2000).
Putative recombination events within enterotoxin operons and a graphical representation of differences within multiple alignments were calculated by RDP3 [ 88].
Multiple alignments of all members within each group revealed their respective conserved regions.
Most known protein families, even very large and diverse ones, display conservation patterns along the sequences, which usually form blocks within multiple alignments.
Highly conserved exons were identified within the ADAR2 gene using the exoniphy track within the genome browser [23], which uses a phylogenetic hidden Markov Model that statistically analyses exon structure and exon evolution within multiple alignments [23].
Selection of three groups of related species and generation of multiple alignments of the species within each group.
Figure 7A illustrates the behavior of the mean relative solvent accessibility in helix work positions within multiple alignments, as a function of the generalized topohydrophobic index y1, ranging from 0 to 1.
In order to distinguish between these hypotheses, and to further investigate the evolution of these genes, we used codeml [ 38- 40] to infer positive selection at single sites within multiple alignments of human or mouse PRAME genes.
Our computational analysis included the following steps (see also Fig. 1): Selection of three groups of related species and generation of multiple alignments of the species within each group.
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