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In figures 5 and 6, the left-hand maps show the adjusted PM after multiple adjustment for the geographical location, taking into account the autocorrelation structure in the data, the uncertainty in the ward level and all ward-level risk factors (air pollution components, age, social deprivation) for heart failure morbidity and mortality, respectively.
In addition, we did observe an inverse correlation between leg fat and ferritin, however, after multiple adjustment for various confounders, the association did not reach the statistic significance in men.
Multiple adjustment for confounders affected estimates only slightly.
This was only slightly reduced by multiple adjustment for CV risk factors, potential confounders, and preexisting CVD (Table 2, models 1 and 2).
After multiple adjustment, for the PCS-12, patients with the lowest quartile score had a 2.5-fold higher risk of death compared to patients in the highest quartile i.e., the best perceived state.
Relative to the reference category with QTd ≤0.08 s, the hazard ratio (HR) for cardiovascular mortality was 1.26 (95% CI 1.02 1.55) in patients with increased QTd and only was slightly reduced after multiple adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, smoking, apolipoprotein (apo B-to-apoA1 rapo B-to-apoA1oronapo B-to-apoA1ase, and micratioacroalbuminuria (Table 1).
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This association persists even after multiple adjustments for potential confounders.
Hence, in further analysis there are multiple adjustments for these differences between the non-RBA and RBA groups.
We addressed this key concern by making multiple adjustments for confounding variables, including the Charlson comorbidity index and concomitant medication.
This study explored causality based on three approaches: comparisons between two cohort studies 11 years apart, multiple adjustments for confounders and maternal paternal smoking comparisons.
Sixth, given the significant difference between diabetic and nondiabetic individuals at baseline, even the multiple adjustments for covariates leave the possibility of residual confounding.
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